Nathan Lambert and Florian Brand published "The ATOM Report: Measuring the Open Language Model Ecosystem" on arXiv (2604.07190) on 8 April 2026, with a revised version on 25 May 2026. The 23-page, 17-figure study surveys roughly 1,500 mainline open language models and their developers, including Alibaba's Qwen, DeepSeek and Meta's Llama. Combining Hugging Face download counts, model derivative counts, inference market share and performance metrics, the authors document that Chinese-built open models overtook U.S.-built ones in the summer of 2025 and widened that lead afterwards. The report is framed as an adoption snapshot for researchers, entrepreneurs and policy advisors, and is filed under Computers and Society.
- arxiv.org2026-08-03